PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What condition often develops due to chronic GERD and can lead to esophageal cancer?

1. Esophageal ulcers

2. Barrett's esophagus

3. Chronic gastritis

4. Achalasia

The correct answer is: Barrett's esophagus

Barrett's esophagus is a condition that is often a consequence of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In this condition, the normal squamous lining of the esophagus is replaced with a columnar lining, which is more typical of the intestinal lining. This change occurs as a protective response to the persistent acid exposure from GERD. Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are at an increased risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma, a type of esophageal cancer. The cellular changes that occur with Barrett's esophagus are classified as dysplasia, which can progress to cancer over time if not monitored or treated. While esophageal ulcers can occur due to GERD, they do not inherently lead to cancer. Chronic gastritis is inflammation of the gastric mucosa and is unrelated to esophageal conditions. Achalasia, a motility disorder of the esophagus, also does not develop as a direct result of GERD and has a different pathophysiology. Thus, Barrett's esophagus is the recognized precancerous condition associated with chronic GERD that carries a significant risk for esophageal cancer.