PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What could be included in the differential diagnosis of constipation?

1. Hematoma

2. Gastroenteritis

3. Infectious pathology

4. Diverticular disease

The correct answer is: Infectious pathology

In the context of a differential diagnosis for constipation, considering infectious pathology is relevant because certain infections can lead to changes in bowel habits. For instance, gastroenteritis—characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract—can initially cause diarrhea; however, in some cases, post-infectious phenomena can lead to transient constipation. Moreover, specific infections, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, can impact the motility and function of the intestines, resulting in constipation. In contrast, while hematomas and diverticular disease can impact bowel habits, they are not typically considered primary causes of constipation. Hematomas, especially those that are intra-abdominal, may present with symptoms of pain but are not a direct cause of constipation unless associated complications, like compression of the intestinal tract, obscure bowel function. Diverticular disease primarily manifests with diverticulitis, which more commonly presents with diarrhea rather than constipation. Therefore, focusing on infectious pathology aligns more closely with factors that can influence bowel movement irregularities, making it a valid inclusion in the differential diagnosis of constipation.