PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What is a potential risk of performing a thoracentesis?

1. Pneumothorax

2. Asthma attack

3. Pericarditis

4. Anaphylaxis

The correct answer is: Pneumothorax

A thoracentesis is a medical procedure used to remove fluid from the pleural space in the chest, typically to relieve symptoms or for diagnostic purposes. One significant risk associated with this procedure is the development of a pneumothorax. This occurs when air enters the pleural space, leading to a collapse of the lung on the affected side. During a thoracentesis, there is a possibility of inadvertently puncturing the lung, especially if the needle is introduced too deeply or inaccurately. If the lung is punctured, air can escape from the lung into the pleural space, causing the lung to collapse. The other options listed do not directly relate to the risks of thoracentesis. Asthma attacks pertain more to airway obstructive conditions and are not a complication of the procedure itself. Pericarditis, an inflammation of the pericardium, is not a common risk associated with thoracentesis. Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that could be a general risk of any procedure involving medication or contrast but is not specifically linked to thoracentesis. Thus, the identification of pneumothorax as a potential risk is crucial in understanding the complications that may arise during this procedure.