PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What is the most common cause of systematic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)?

1. Trauma

2. Sepsis

3. Pancreatitis

4. Drug reactions

The correct answer is: Sepsis

The most common cause of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is sepsis. Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to an infection injures its own tissues and organs, leading to widespread inflammation. The systemic inflammatory response triggered by sepsis can result in multiple organ dysfunction and symptoms such as fever, increased heart rate, increased respiratory rate, and abnormal white blood cell counts. Sepsis fundamentally alters the body's normal inflammatory pathways, making it a predominant factor in the development of SIRS. Although other conditions like trauma, pancreatitis, and drug reactions can also induce SIRS, sepsis is recognized as the leading cause due to its prevalence and the systemic effect it has on the body during an infectious process. Understanding the role of sepsis in SIRS highlights the importance of early identification and treatment of infections to prevent severe complications.