PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What three structures define Hesselbach's Triangle?

1. Rectus muscle, abdominal wall, and femoral canal

2. Inguinal ligament, inferior epigastric vessels, and the lateral border of the rectus muscle

3. Femoral vessels, inguinal ring, and rectus muscle

4. Superior epigastric vessels, inguinal ligament, and peritoneum

The correct answer is: Inguinal ligament, inferior epigastric vessels, and the lateral border of the rectus muscle

Hesselbach's Triangle is an important anatomical region in the groin, particularly in the context of inguinal hernias. The three structures that define Hesselbach's Triangle are the inguinal ligament, the inferior epigastric vessels, and the lateral border of the rectus muscle. The inguinal ligament runs from the anterior superior iliac spine down to the pubic symphysis, forming the base of the triangle. The superior limit is formed by the inferior epigastric vessels, which branch from the external iliac artery and ascend towards the rectus muscle. The lateral border of the triangle is defined by the rectus abdominis muscle, which provides a critical landmark in surgical anatomy. Understanding Hesselbach's Triangle is essential for recognizing direct inguinal hernias, which occur medial to the inferior epigastric vessels within this triangle. With knowledge of these structures, clinicians can better identify the nature and location of hernias during diagnosis and procedures. This anatomical knowledge is pivotal for those studying surgical techniques or preparing for examinations in surgical disciplines.